Antipyretic Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Villebrunea rubescens: An in Vivo Study

Abstract

Villebrunea rubescens, locally referred to as “jilat leaves,” is a wild plant traditionally employed by indigenous communities in Yapen Islands Regency, Papua, for managing wounds and contusions. Phytochemical analyses have revealed the presence of secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids, which are hypothesized to contribute to its antipyretic properties. This study investigated the antipyretic efficacy of ethanol extract from V. rubescens leaves and determined the most effective dosage. Utilizing a Completely Randomized Design, 25 male mice (Mus musculus) were allocated into five groups: a positive control (paracetamol), a negative control (0.5% Na-CMC), and three treatment groups receiving 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. Rectal temperatures were recorded over 180 minutes post-treatment. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test indicated that the extract significantly reduced fever in a dose-dependent manner, with 150 mg/kg demonstrating the greatest efficacy, comparable to paracetamol. These findings suggest that V. rubescens leaf extract holds promise as a natural antipyretic agent, with 150 mg/kg identified as the optimal dose.