International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Medical Science

Prevalence of Gingivitis and Dental Caries in Early Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Study at TK Tat Twam Asi, Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta

2025-03-27T14:05:15+00:00

Introduction: Oral health is an integral part of overall health, yet it is often neglected in global and national policies. Periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and dental caries are major issues in children that can affect their quality of life. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of periodontal disease and dental caries among children at TK Tat Twam Asi, Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the oral health status and dental care habits of children. Method: The research employed a cross-sectional design with random sampling techniques. The sample consisted of 36 children aged 3–6 years. Data were collected through dental examinations and parent/guardian questionnaires. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.

Conclusion: The study found that 97.2% of children had gingivitis, and 86.1% had dental caries. Key risk factors included poor brushing habits, frequent consumption of sugary foods, and low use of fluoride toothpaste. This study highlights the importance of educating parents about oral hygiene, promoting healthy eating habits, and improving access to preventive dental care to reduce the prevalence of oral diseases in children.

Antibacterial Activity of Kitolod (Isotoma Longiflora L.) Herb Extract and Fractions Against the Growth of Dental Carises Causing Bacteria Streptococcus Mutans

2025-03-19T02:29:24+00:00

The Kitolod herb (Isotoma longiflora L.) has empirically been used to treat several diseases. Kitolod herb contains some secondary metabolite compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which are antibacterial. This study aims to determine the inhibition of antibacterial activity and the most effective concentration in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The sample used in this study was Kitolod herb obtained from Sentani Regency. Then, the sample was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Then, it was fractionated using the solvent of ethanol-water, ethyl-acetate, and n-hexane. The antibacterial activity testing used the disc diffusion method. This study used a completely randomized design with nine treatments that included the concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, 600 ppm, 800 ppm, 1000 ppm, amoxicillin (positive control), sterile distilled water (negative control). The results showed that the extract of Kitolod herb has activity as an antibacterial on Streptococcus mutans at the highest concentration of 1000 ppm of 10.20 mm (strong category). The testing results on the three fractions showed that the ethyl-acetate fraction has the most significant inhibition activity of 8,16 mm at a concentration of 1000 ppm (medium category). The result showed that the extract and fraction of Kitolod herb (Isotoma longiflora L.) have the potential to be an antibacterial to inhibit Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

Test the Effectiveness of Tegari Leaf Extract (Dianella nemorosa Lam.) from Papua on Burn Wound Healing in Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Experimental Study

2025-02-16T05:08:33+00:00

The tegari plant (Dianella nemorosa Lam.) known locally as "pra kepey" (Papua). D. nemorosa Lam. plant is one of the traditional medicines from Papua which is used as a medicine to heal external wounds such as cuts, burns, and internal wounds. The aim of this research was to test the effectiveness of tegari leaf extract and to test the concentration of tegari leaf extract from Papua which was used most effectively for healing burns in rabbits. Each rabbit's back was divided into 6 control treatments, that is normal control (no treatment), negative control (Vaseline album), positive control (conventional burn gel), and D. nemorosa Lam. extract with a concentration of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%. The rabbit's back was anesthetized using 2% lidocaine HCl subcutaneously and induced with an iron metal diameter of 2.2 cm and a thickness of 1 mm which was heated in a blue flame for 3 minutes and then placed on the rabbit's back for 5 seconds until a second degree (deep) burn was formed. The diameter of the rabbit's back burn wound was measured for 21 days. The results of the percentage of healing of burn wounds from D. nemorosa Lam. extract at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%, respectively, were 76.80%, 79.00%, and 87.40% on day 21^st. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, namely in the form of the percentage of burn wound healing which showed that there were differences in the effect of burn wound healing in each control treatment group because the significant value was p=<0,00 (p=<0,05) indicating that there were significant differences between each group. D. nemorosa Lam. extract is effective in healing burns.

The Outcome of Open Ureterolithotomy in the Management of Large Upper Ureteric Stone: A Case Series Of 35 Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2025-04-16T11:13:50+00:00

Background with 0bjective: Ureteric stones pose a global health concern, impacting millions and prompting ongoing exploration for effective management. This study focuses on the outcomes of open ureterolithotomy, addressing large upper ureteric stones, a subset of upper urinary tract stones. Ureterolithiasis can lead to severe complications like urosepsis and renal failure if untreated, emphasizing the urgency for optimized therapeutic approaches. This quasi-experimental study aimed to observe and assess the outcomes of open ureterolithotomy in managing large upper ureteric stones.

Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out among 35 patients attending at the department of Urology at Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka for the treatment of upper ureteric stone within the defined period from January 2019 to December 2020. All the data were compiled and sorted properly and the quantitative data was analyzed statistically by using Statistical Package for Social Science.

Results: The study encompassed 35 patients, predominantly female (54.30%) with a mean age of 45.88±14.47 years. Mean stone size was 19.57 mm, and operative time averaged 19.57 minutes. Postoperative parameters revealed a 5.0-day hospital stay and a 3.85-week recovery time. Stone distribution indicated 42.70% in the right ureter and 54.30% in the left, with a stone clearance rate of 94.3%. Complications, both perioperative and postoperative, affected 34.3% and 40% of cases, respectively encompassing bleeding, pleural injury, fever, urinary leakage, blood transfusion, and wound infection.

Conclusion: Open ureterolithotomy proves effective and safe for managing large upper ureteric stones, boasting a high stone clearance rate. However, its invasive nature correlates with significant perioperative and postoperative complications, underscoring the need for careful patient selection and monitoring. Consideration of minimally invasive alternatives is encouraged, necessitating further research for a comprehensive understanding of ureteral stone management