International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Bio Medical Science

Evaluation of Anti-Obesity Effect of Bromhexine using HFD Fed Rats

Navdha Vyas — 2024-06-28

Obesity is a long-term metabolic disease characterised by an excess of energy stored in adipose tissue, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and malfunction of adipocytes. The rising number of non-communicable diseases demands consideration to behavioural risk factors such as elevated body mass index. The aim of this study is to evaluate anti-obesity effect of bromhexine using HFD fed rats. Obesity was induced in male wistar rats by high fat diet. The animals were divided in 5 groups: (I) Control group received rat chow diet (II) Model control received HFD (III) Standard group was administered orlistat (10 mg/kg, p.o.,) along with HFD (IV) Treatment group was administered treatment drug bromhexine (5 mg/kg, p.o.,) + HFD (V) Treatment group was administered treatment drug bromhexine (10 mg/kg, p.o.,) + HFD. Estimation of anthropometric, haemodynamic, left ventricular function, biochemical, pancreatic lipase activity, antioxidant and histopathology were performed. HFD control animals developed the signs of obesity including elevated abdominal fat deposition, hypertension, altered lipid profile (TG, TCHL, HDL, and VLDL), and increased oxidative stress markers. The analysis of left ventricular function (LVEDP, dp/dtmax., dp/dtmin) presented promising results. Bromhexine treatment (5 mg & 10 mg) prevented elevation in blood pressure, oxidative stress and ameliorated lipid profile, liver profile and glucose tolerance indicating the protective effect of bromhexine in improving of lipid, liver enzyme and glucose levels. Pancreatic lipase activity was performed bromhexine (10mg/kg) showed significant inhibition. Furthermore, histopathological studies also indicates that bromhexine ameliorates obesity. Bromhexine dose of 10mg/kg has shown promising results in ameliorating obesity.

Enhanced Breast Shape through Auto-Augmentation Mastopexy Combined with Lipofilling

Turcu E. G. — 2024-06-27

Auto-augmentation mastopexy associated with breast lipofilling is the best method of contouring the upper pole of the breast in patients who do not require augmentation with breast implants concomitent with breast lift. Solving the volumetric deficit of the upper pole of the breast involves the use of additional techniques to mastopexy and breast lipofilling is in our opinion the most reliable method

In the cases of self-augmentation mastopexy associated with lipofilling, the volumetric deficit of the breast upper pole was minor and was noticed in 25% of cases compared to the situations of auto-augmentation breast lift where the volumetric deficit of the upper pole was small or moderate and was noted in 75% of the cases. The follow up was 3 years after surgery. Breast lipofilling techniques ensure a natural volume of the breast 3 years after surgery if associated with auto-augmentation mastopexy in cases of breast ptosis with adequate breast volume.

The Effect of Giving Lavender Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality in the Elderly in Kamasan Village, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency in 2023

Fahmi Fuadah — 2024-06-03

Background: Old age is a period of decline. This causes a significant decline in cognitive abilities and the speed of the aging process, such as impaired concentration, impaired language and memory abilities. As people get older, many changes occur, both physically and mentally. Changes in appearance that are part of the normal aging process, such as decreased vision, lack of sleep or decreased stamina, pose a threat to the integrity of the elderly.

Objective: Analyze the effect of giving Lavender Aromatherapy on the Sleep Quality of the Elderly in Kamasan Village, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency in 2023

Methodology: The research design used was quasi experimental with pre and post two group design. The sample in this study consisted of 32 pregnant women, consisting of 16 people in the intervention group and 16 people in the control group. The sampling technique uses random sampling technique. The research instrument used was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire regarding sleep quality. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wiolcoxon test to determine the difference in sleep quality scores before and after the intervention group and the control group

Research Results: showed changes in the sleep quality of elderly women before and after giving lavender aromatherapy. The results of statistical knowledge tests showed that the significance value (p-value) was 0.000. The p-value (0.000) < p alpha (0.05) means that there is an effect of giving lavender aromatherapy on the sleep quality of elderly women in Gunamekar Village, Bungbulang District, Garut District in 2023.

Conclusion: giving lavender aromatherapy provides significant changes to the sleep quality of elderly women

Suggestion: It is hoped that the elderly, their families and the community can play an active role in health service programs, especially regarding the health of the elderly, to be able to carry out routine checks so that they can treat their complaints as early as possible.

Exploring the Impact of Excessive Internet Usage in Secondary School Students in Kirkuk City

Mishaal Mohammed Aswad — 2024-06-07

Background: excessive internet use in secondary school students prolonged screen usage and unfettered web information might cause distractions, procrastination, and reduced study time, compromising academic achievement. Overuse of the internet can also disrupt sleep, impair time management, and reduce offline activity, which is essential for holistic development. Online content like social media, gaming, and streaming can also affect students' cognition, attention span, and learning motivation. The impact of excessive internet use on secondary school pupils depends on several aspects, including frequency and length, types of online activities, academic achievement measures, and socio-demographic variables.

Objective: This study aims to examine the impact of excessive internet usage in secondary school student in kirkuk city.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used in this study “Simple Random” sample was used for student at secondary school in Kirkuk. The study included (400) student. Data were analyzed inferential statistics.

Results: the study finding shows the distribution the Internet Usage Pattern of the study sample, regarding to Most preferred method internet access, were about half of study sample (49.5%) using smart phone more than other access methods, while based on the reason of using internet, were near half (46.75%) of study sample using internet for Social Networking. Regarding to the parent’s awareness of internet use, about more than two thirds (65.75%) of the study sample were parents not aware about using internet. According to the preferred time of use of internet, about more than third (33.5%) were using internet after school hours. Finally, Using Internet in group or individually, near to half (47.3%) of the study sample use internet individually. the differences the Internet addiction regarding to the Internet usage pattern of the study sample by using Internet addiction score. There is a high significance value with the differences between the scores of the items of the Internet addiction with regards to the Internet usage pattern of the study sample at p. value 0.05. the differences the Internet addiction regarding to the Internet usage pattern of the study sample by using Internet addiction score. There is a high significance value with the differences between the scores of the items of the Internet addiction with regards to the Internet usage pattern of the study sample at p. value 0.05 by using Chi-square test.

Conclusions: According to the report, most students have a proclivity to utilize mobile phones for Internet access. Students have a distinct inclination towards utilizing social media platforms instead of engaging in educational endeavors. The majority of students cited a lack of parental monitoring.

Evaluation of a Novel Intranasal Spray Formulation of Replax for the Treatment of Acute Migraine Attacks

Zainab Rahi Hanthal — 2024-06-07

A strong, repeated headache attack that is frequently accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound is the hallmark of the neurological condition known as migraine. Despite the availability of several treatments, there is still a demand for a quick and efficient way to reduce migraine symptoms. This study examines the creation and assessment of a brand-new intranasal spray version of the well-known migraine therapy Replax. This trial evaluates a brand-new intranasal Replax formulation for the treatment of acute migraines. A promising potency is shown by the pharmacokinetic studies, which show a rapid start of action with a Tmax of 15 minutes and a significant Cmax of about 1000 ng/mL. 40% high bioavailability confirms effective medication uptake. The 10 mg dosage is recommended by dose-response analysis as having a 9.5 effectiveness rating and a 5.0 tolerability rating. Positive toxicological findings back up safety. These preclinical discoveries must be confirmed in clinical studies in order to potentially improve acute migraine therapy choices.

Dengue Shock Syndrome with Recurrent Shock and Obesity in Children: A Case Report

Gusti Ayu Sri Ari Swandewi — 2024-06-11

Introduction: Dengue fever remains a major global health problem that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. DSS is one of the dangerous clinical manifestations of dengue infection, characterized by severe plasma leakage due to increased vascular permeability leading to a progressive decrease in intravascular volume. Obesity has been proposed as a potential risk factor for the development of DSS in children. Management with proper fluid resuscitation is essential to prevent worsening in patients with Dengue Shock Syndrom.

Case Presentation: This study reports a 5-year-old obese pediatric patient with a body mass index of 31 kg/m2 who developed Dengue Shock Syndrome and recurrent shock. Vital signs examination at the initial examination obtained a pulse rate of 99x / min palpable weak, not strong lift with a temperature of 36oCand extremities acral palpable was cold with Capillary Refill Time (CRT) elongated > 2 seconds. The patient was given initial management in the ER in the form of oxygenation with a 2 lpm nasal cannula, then given lactate ringer (RL) as a fluid teraphy 10cc/kgBB, which was 310cc finished in 30 minutes. Initial complete blood hematological examination showed a leukopenia result of 3.1 x103/uL. The patient had an increased hematocrit of 51% with a haemoglobin level of 17g/dL. Platelet levels were found to be below normal levels at 60 x103/uL. The patient experienced recurrent shock during treatment. The patient was given several rounds of fluid resuscitation but worsened during treatment. The patient had seizures leading to respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest. The patient was later pronounced dead after cardiopulmonary resuscitation was unsuccessful.

Conclusion: Dengue infection with obesity has a higher risk of Dengue Shock Syndrome in children. Management with proper fluid resuscitation is important in the hope of reducing morbidity and mortality of Dengue Shock Syndrome in children.

Reassessing Antimicrobial Strategies: Antibiotics Outperform Nanoparticles in Controlling Bacterial Growth

Noor R Abady — 2024-06-11

The purpose of this work was to investigate the possibility of using genetically modified E. coli as a platform for the large-scale production of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with particular morphological characteristics. Our findings defied the popular idea that nanomaterials always work better than traditional antibiotics by showing that antibiotics were more successful than nanoparticles at stopping the development of germs. Azithromycin, in particular, showed notable inhibitory zones in comparison to Ag-silver and silver nanoparticles. These results highlight the necessity of critically reevaluating the effectiveness of nanoparticles in antimicrobial applications and taking into account different approaches when intended results are not obtained. The demonstrated efficiency of conventional antibiotics underscores their ongoing significance.

Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Liquid System Containing (Cyclic Ether + Octan-1-Ol) At Different Temperature

Dhirendra Kumar Sharma — 2024-06-11

The ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ), and viscosity ( ) for the binary mixture 1,4-Dioxane (1) + Octan-1-ol (2) were measured over the whole composition range at temperature T = (298.15, 303.15 and 305.15) K. The experimental data have been used to calculate excess molar volume (V^E), excess adiabatic compressibility ( ), excess viscosity ( ), excess intermolecular free length ( and excess internal pressure (P_i^E) over the entire composition range. These results have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. Excess molar volume (V^E), excess adiabatic compressibility ( ), excess viscosity ( ), excess intermolecular free length ( and excess internal pressure (P_i^E) were found to be negative for all temperatures. The results obtained have been discussed and interpreted in terms of the type and nature of the specific intermolecular interactions between the components.

A Study of the Outcomes of a Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) 7-Day Healing Camp for Health &Wellness Conducted at the YPV Ashram, Sri Ramana Trust in December 2023

Vishakha Karnani — 2024-06-11

Introduction: The integrated and holistic healing protocols of the Yoga Prana vidya (YPV) system have been making significant contributions to people as complementary and alternative therapies to the various mainstream healthcare systems. YPV healing camps are conducted by Competent YPV healers to raise the awareness of people on the need to learn and practice healthy lifestyles for the cure and prevention of diseases. This paper presents the outcomes of one such Health & Wellness camp conducted by a team of 8 YPV healers for a week in December 2023.

Method: This is an interventional study with data collected from 27 patients who participated in the camp. Data was collected on selected health parameters before and after the camp ended to know the improvements the patients experienced in this one-week camp.

Results: The mean body weight and BMI (Body mass Index) reduced by 1.88 % and 1.66% respectively. Those with diabetes and BP became normal. Patients who had physical pain, mobility, and flexibility issues were greatly relieved and were able to walk normally. Cases of constipation, hypothyroidism, psoriasis, varicose veins, and acne were resolved to return to normal condition. An alcoholic case was successfully de-addicted after 3 days of healing treatment. Improvements were noticed in patients with eye/vision problems. Those who had mental and emotional issues were also found to be calm and peaceful by the end of the camp.

Conclusions: It is observed that the patients in this YPV healing camp experienced satisfactory improvements in their health and wellness issues. The team of healers did a dedicated service helping and treating the patients holistically with a combination of exercises, rhythmic breathing protocols, the right diet, and meditations. The patients appreciated and practiced the lifestyle changes needed based on the principles of YPV energy healing system protocols. There is great scope to conduct more such camps in rural and semi-urban areas to disseminate this knowledge to the general population.

The Influence of Health Education on Elderly Knowledge about Healthy Lifestyle Patterns at RW 08 Jayagiri Lembang Village

Fahmi Fuadah — 2024-06-13

Knowledge about healthy lifestyles is an important factor that can influence the quality of life of the elderly. Health education is one intervention that can increase this knowledge. This research aims to determine the effect of health education on elderly people's knowledge about healthy lifestyles. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The research sample consisted of 32 elderly people who were selected using purposive sampling and divided into two groups: an experimental group that was given health education and a control group that did not receive intervention. Health education was carried out through lectures, discussions and giving leaflets over four sessions. The results of data analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant increase in knowledge about healthy lifestyles in the experimental group compared to the control group. The average knowledge score in the experimental group increased from 60.3 to 85.7 after the intervention, while the control group did not show a significant change. Health education has proven effective in increasing elderly knowledge about healthy lifestyles. This intervention can be a strategy in health promotion programs for the elderly. It is recommended that health education programs regarding healthy lifestyles be held more frequently and made part of routine services at community health centers or elderly communities. Apart from that, further research needs to be carried out to see the long-term influence of health education on changes in behavior and quality of life for the elderly.

The Relationship of Mother's Nutritional Knowledge and the Practice of Giving Complete ASI Food (MP-ASI) To Toddler Age 6-12 Months at Bpm Ernah South Cimahi Coffee Garden

Sri Rejeki — 2024-06-13

Malnutrition in children can be caused by the mother's attitude or behavior in inappropriate feeding practices. This occurs because mothers' knowledge and skills regarding food, nutrition and practices in feeding children are still low. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge and the practice of giving MP-ASI to toddlers aged 6-12 months at BPM Ernah Kebon Kopi Cimahi. The type of research is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach, sampling using proportional sampling. The research sample was 69 mothers who had toddlers aged 6-12 months. Data on maternal nutritional knowledge and practice of providing MP-ASI were obtained by interview using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Analysis of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable using Chi Square. The level of nutritional knowledge of respondents was high at 46 people (66.7%) and the practice of providing MP-ASI was carried out well by 41 people (59.4%). The research results showed that there was a relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge and the practice of providing MP-ASI (p<0.05). It is hoped that PBM Ernah Kebon Kopi Cimahi will be more active in providing information through outreach and counseling to cadres and the community, especially mothers with toddlers, about improving nutrition and skills in the practice of providing MP-ASI.

Knowledge of Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy toward Self Care in Kirkuk Center for Oncology and Hematology

Ahmed Atia Ali — 2024-06-17

Background: Cancer is a dangerous disease that may kill people. The vast majority of cancer patients get chemotherapy treatment. Several negative side effects of chemotherapy affect patients' physical, mental, and social well-being, which in turn affects their capacity to take care of themselves.

Objectives: The main aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of an instructional program on the knowledge of patients undergoing chemotherapy toward self-care.

Methodology The current study used a one-group design and a quantitative pre-experimental methodology. First, baseline data was collected before the research sample was exposed to the educational program; second, data was collected immediately after the program was implemented for the research sample; and third, data was collected after the program had been implemented. From October 3, 2023, until May 5, 2024, researchers at the Kirkuk Center for Oncology and Hematology carried out the study. Patients' socio-demographic data (Part I), patients' clinical data (Part II), and patients' knowledge of self-care strategies (Part III) make up the research instrument. The research instrument's reliability was assessed using the internal consistency approach, and its validity was established by a panel of experts.

Results: The study found statistically significant differences in three main areas of patients' self-care knowledge between the before and post-tests in the study group, with a p-value less than 0.05.

Conclusion: According to the results of the research, chemotherapy patients' understanding was low before they started the program. Nonetheless, the educational program shown a remarkable ability to enhance patients' understanding of self-care practices throughout chemotherapy.

Nursing Management of Extravasation Complications Related to Intravenous Catheters: A Narrative Review

Ngo Thanh Hai — 2024-06-17

Background: The existing literature on nursing management of extravasation complications is fragmented, inconsistent, and outdated. When it comes to nursing management of extravasation complications, there are several gaps that need to be addressed as generally of study participants had poor knowledge of the prevention and management of cytotoxic extravasation, a high number of nurses were not were not trained on cytotoxic extravasation.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review by searching the following databases for relevant clinical practice guidelines published from Oct 2013 to Oct 2023: PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus and Clinical practice guidelines developed by institutes, hospitals, associations, and cancer groups, based on systematic and evidence-based review. We used the AMSTAR 2 tool for assessing the quality of systematic reviews, and summarized the characteristics and findings of the included studies in a narrative synthesis including year of publication, title, Institution/authors, key highlight (assessment, management, prevention).

Results and discussions: These Clinical practice guidelines have some similarities and differences in their scope, methods, recommendations, and quality. They all aim to provide evidence-based and standardized guidance for the prevention and management of extravasation, and to improve the quality and safety of intravenous therapy.

Conclusions: In conclusion, while significant progress has been made in understanding and managing extravasation injuries, there is still much work to be done. By continuing to research, educate, and apply evidence-based practices, healthcare professionals can significantly improve the care and outcomes for patients at risk of extravasation injuries

Impact of Alcohol Consumption upon Ischemic Heart Disease: Comparative Study

Hakemia Shakir Hassan, PhD — 2024-06-18

Objective: the aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of alcohol consumption on the ischemic heart disease

Methodology: An descriptive design was used to carried out this study in medical ward at Ibn Al-Biter Specialized Center for Cardiac Surgery for the period from October 2022 to April 2023. The size of sample was 50 Ischemic Heart Disease patients divided into two groups each one consisted of 25 patients as control group and study group. The study group was drinking alcohol while the control group was not drinking alcohol. The study instrument consisted from four parts, socio – demographic data; Clinical Characteristics data; Assessment of Alcohol Drinking forma and Assessment for IHD was performed by Echo cardiograph

Results: The results of the study presented left ventricular function scores for the none drinking group remained essentially the abnormal less than normal while the left ventricular function scores for the drinking group remained essentially the normal less than abnormal

Conclusion: Increasing alcohol intake is associated with subtle alterations in cardiac structure and function

Recommendations: more research is needed to better understand the effects of alcohol consumption on the CV systems of older populations.

The Effect of Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum) on Salivary Acidity Degree

Poetry Oktanauli — 2024-06-20

Background: Dental and oral health is an important part of body health that is interrelated with each other. Among the oral health problems is dental caries. Efforts to prevent dental caries can be done by improving oral health, one of the safer alternatives to maintain salivary pH is to use herbal ingredients. One of the herbal ingredients that can be used is red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum).

Purpose: Provide information about the effect of red ginger water on salivary acidity degree. Method: This type of research is experimental research with One Group Pre-Posttest Design. The population of this study was all preclinical students of the Faculty of Dentistry, Prof. Dr. Moestopo University (Beragama) with a sample of 16 determined by the Federer formula. The sixteen samples were first measured for salivary pH and then treated by gargling with 10 ml of red ginger water for 30 seconds. After leaving it for 5 minutes, a second salivary pH measurement was taken. The data in this study were analyzed using a parametric test (paired t-test).

Results: The mean salivary acidity (pH) before treatment was 6.647 and the mean salivary acidity (pH) after treatment was 7.274. The paired t-test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), which means that there is a significant difference between salivary pH before and after exposure to red ginger water.

Conclusion: There is a significant effect of red ginger water on salivary acidity (pH).

Hypothalamic Hamartoma in an 11-Year-Old Female: Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Management Strategies – A Case Report and Literature Review

Kliti Pilika — 2024-06-22

Background: Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are rare, benign brain tumors that can cause severe neurological symptoms, including epilepsy. This report presents a case of an 11-year-old female with HH, highlighting the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management strategies.

Case Presentation: An 11-year-old female with no prior medical history presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures during sleep, characterized by convulsions, cyanosis, tongue biting, frothing at the mouth, and loss of consciousness lasting 1-2 minutes. Subsequent episodes included focal Jacksonian seizures involving the face and right eye myoclonus, progressing to generalized convulsions. Neurological examination and development were normal, with no family history of epilepsy. MRI revealed a sessile lesion in the left hypothalamus with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity and T1 hypointensity. Laboratory tests, including thyroid function, gynecological ultrasound, and various blood tests, were normal. A 48-hour video EEG indicated sensorimotor cortex involvement in both hemispheres, likely linked to the hypothalamic lesion.

Management: Initial management involved observation without antiepileptic medications. Due to persistent seizures, the treatment plan included oxcarbazepine, titrated to 1200 mg/day, and Keppra (levetiracetam) 1000 mg/day. Efforts were made to discontinue Keppra and maintain monotherapy with oxcarbazepine. Given the small size of the lesion and effective seizure control with medication, surgical intervention was not pursued.

Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and individualized treatment plans for patients with HH. While medical management can be effective for small lesions, surgical options reported in the literature provide alternative strategies for larger or treatment-resistant cases. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in managing the complex presentation of HH to optimize patient outcomes and improve quality of life.

Integrated Management of complex Fistula-in-Ano in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis Using Kshara Sutra: A Unique Case Study

Dhananjay Jaiswal DJ — 2024-06-24

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by mucosal inflammation of the colon and rectum often leading to debilitating symptoms and complications. Fistula-in- Ano is a rare complication of UC, which is an abnormal tract connecting the anal canal to the skin surrounding the anus, further complicating management and impairing patients' quality of life which poses significant challenges in management due to its chronic and recurrent nature. Kshara Sutra, an Ayurvedic parasurgical procedure involving the use of medicated thread, has shown promising results in the treatment of complex Fistula-in-Ano in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Kshara Sutra in the management of complex Fistula-in-Ano in a patient with Ulcerative colitis.

Material and Methods: A Hindu, married 56 yrs. old male patient came in Shalya Department of Naradevi Ayurveda Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal with a chief complaints of recurrent episodes of bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and perianal discharge over a span of four years. Diagnostic workup revealed extensive colonic involvement consistent with UC on colonoscopy and imaging confirmed the presence of a fistula-in-ano. The patient was diagnosed as a case of Fistula-in Ano with clinical findings & examination done. Then Kshara sutra Ligation was planned along with internal medications.

Results/Discussions: After 6 months of treatment, result was achieved remarkably.

Conclusion: This case highlights the potential efficacy and safety of Kshara Sutra therapy as an adjunctive and safest treatment modality for managing complex Fistula-in-Ano in patients with underlying ulcerative colitis.