Function of HLA Typing and Cross Matching in Renal Transplantation
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Abstract
Transplantation is the procedure of transferring the tissue or organ from one person to another person. Solid organ transplantation is quite common nowadays. The transplantation of Kidney, liver,heart,lung ,pancreas are taking place.
Chronic Kidney Disease ( CKD ) has become very common in our country now. The most suitable treatment of CKD is renal transplantation. Among solid organ transplantation the most common is Kidney or renal transplantation. Transplantation requires two persons, firstly one Donor and Secondly one Recipient. But it is not possible to transplant solid organs from any Donor to any Recipient. There are some procedures which are to be carried out before transplantation. Routine hematological, biochemical,radiological testing are done. The most important test before this procedure is Tissue matching. It is carried out by testing the blood of Recipient and Donor. The tissue matching consists of HLA typing and Cross matching.
Human Leucocyte Antigen system (HLA) is located on the small segment of chromosome number 6. Class I HLA system is known by three loci named as HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. Class II HLA system consists of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP. The HLA system is highly polymorphic . So one set of alleles of one individual is different from the alleles of other individuals. This HLA system plays the main role in regulating T cell mediated immune responses. Here lies the importance of HLA typing of Donor and the Recipient. Otherwise there will be Graft rejection. The other mandatory test is crossmatching. In this test the Donor lymphocytes are tested against the circulating antibodies against the Recipient. These tests are employed before all solid organ transplantation.
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