In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Psidium Guajava L. Leaf Extract
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Abstract
Psidium guajava L. (family Myrtaceae), has been traditionally utilized in herbal medicine for its diverse therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant activity of Psidium guajava L. leaf extract using free radical scavenging assays. The dried leaf powder was extracted by maceration and Soxhlet extraction method using ethanol as solvent, followed by preliminary phytochemical study and the antioxidant potential was assessed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The preliminary phytochemical study was performed to check the presence of active phytoconstituents in the extract. The extract demonstrated significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays when compared with standard ascorbic acid. The concentration range used for leaf extract in DPPH is 50-500ug/ml and for ABTS is 50-250ug/ml against ascorbic acid (10-50ug/ml and 10-40ug/ml). The IC₅₀ values obtained from the DPPH and ABTS were found to be 73.07µg/ml and 132.97µg/ml respectively against standard ascorbic acid (20.94µg/ml and 20.42 µg/ml). The leaf extract exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition at 500 µg/ml in the DPPH and 250 µg/ml in the ABTS. Further the preliminary phytochemical study also confirms the presence of many active phytoconstituents such as phenolic compounds and tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. The findings confirm that Psidium guajava L. leaves possess potent in-vitro antioxidant properties and may serve as a natural source of antioxidants for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further scientific validation through in vivo studies is required to evaluate the therapeutic effects, which could provide significant benefits to society.
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